Inferno By Dante Alighiery Essays - Divine Comedy, Inferno

Inferno By Dante Alighiery Consistently, individuals' perspectives on wrongdoing have been changed. Today society perspective on wrongdoing is unique in relation to what Dante imagined about transgression at his time. During Dante's time, the most noticeably terrible sin that one can submit is dismissing the congregation. In any case, in the book The Inferno, Dante sees that dismissing the congregation is one of the least significant sins. Different sins that were seen as irrelevant during Dante time are more terrible than dismissal of the congregation in The Inferno. Thusly Dante attempts to show that the size of the wrongdoing doesn't make a difference. The most significant thing he needs to bring up is that individuals need to gain from their botch and recognize great and malice. In this way, after a long excursion through some serious hardship Dante figured out how to stay away from insidious and turn out to be profoundly illuminated. By getting profoundly edified and staying away from malicious, Dante continues a lot nearer to the salvation of God. In The Inferno, Dante loses all ability to know east from west, reason, and he meander away from the True Way and enters the Dark Wood of Error. He attempts to discover out of the Dark Wood of Error, however his endeavors are fruitless. When he attempts to escape this evil spot, he is gone up against by all sort of mammoths. They attempt to keep him down and assault him. In any case, subsequent to being power again into the Dark Wood of Error Dante see the shade of Virgil, who speaks to light, heading and reason. Virgil vows to lead him away from mistake. Dante is grateful for the direction of Virgil, For you are my actual ace and first creator, the sole make from whom I drew the breath of that sweet style whose measures have brought me honor(30). One of the things that Dante sees about damnation is that the majority of the individuals are sent to hellfire not on the grounds that they submitted a wrongdoing against God, but since they submitted a transgression against themselves. The wrongdoing that intrigues Dante on his excursion is the wood of the self destruction, the hoarders, and the indulgent people. These individuals submitted a self - damaging act against themselves. The epicurean, made no endeavor to utilize their inherent capacity, all they thought about is food, drink, and too much devoured products. The more they devoured the decline their discipline in damnation. They delivered nothing for their general public. Subsequently, they will always lie in the trash they delivered and go about as a slave for Cerberus. From this specific hover of for hell's sake, Dante saw the torment that these individuals experience, I see new torments and new spirits in torment about me all over the place. Any place I get some distance from melancholy I go to grief(65). At the point when Dante addressed Ciacco, an individual from this hover of heck, he again communicated this inclination, Ciacco, your anguish gauges on my heart and calls my spirit to tears(67). Other than feeling desolate, Dante has likewise taken in a significant exercise from this hover of damnation. In life one must utilize all the ability that god has given to the person in question and use it for his or her own preferred position. At the point when Dante arrives at the fourth hover of heck, his inclination around the hoarders and the squanderers continues as before. In life the hoarders and the squanderers come up short on the capacity to control their costs. By not controlling their costs, they overlook everything about the virtues God has given them, all they consider is their cash. Along these lines in death, their own dead loads serve to direct them. With this weight they rebuff one another. From this circle Dante discovers that cash and parades in life won't get him interminable satisfaction. As Virgil has said to him, Not all the gold that is or ever was under the sky could purchase for one of these depleted spirits the portion of a pause(74). Pursuing fortune and living heavily influenced by cash brings about the pulverization of man's spirit. As Dante enters the wood of the suicides all he hears is the cries and the hints of distress. The spirits of this Circle wrecked their own bodies and denied human structure. They can just communicate themselves through their own distress. Moreover, they are just permitted to talk through their own blood since they decided to remove their life. Taking one life isn't just restrains the satisfaction in this lovely world made by God, in any case, it a wrongdoing against one own spirit. Through this experience, Dante sees that he doesn't

Meditation reflection Essay

Over the most recent 2 months, I was expressly battling to focus on my investigations because of the enthusiastic unrest. Along these lines, I was attempting a few different ways to quiet down my detects and furthermore improve my focus. In this manner, I was wanting to learn different strategies of controlling brain from the contemplation class with the goal that I could grow significant level of focus. One thing entered my thoughts before the class is the inclination of uncertainty and anxiety, for the most part as a result of the way that I can't open up with individuals in first gathering. I was additionally worried about any negative impacts on the off chance that I neglect to keep all the principles of reflection. Along these lines, I went to the contemplation class with a clear reason for learning the way toward building up an engaged brain and capacity to upgrade my fixation level. The class I go to is offered on GW grounds, and our teacher is Professor Malfitano on Friday fr om 1:00pm-2:50 pm. The contemplation class was not genuinely or truly trying for me. Actually, the reflection procedure that was educated in the class didn't include any thorough physical exercises. In addition, the methods that were instructed for contemplation were straightforward and charming. I felt loose and glad during and post contemplation class. All the apprehension and weakness concealed away as the mood was very alleviating and individual schoolmates were very benevolent and inviting. Toward the start of the class, I pondered certain methods of reflection; anyway toward the end I took in a ton of hypothetical information, strategies and explicit results identified with contemplation. I discovered that the intensity of reflection is possibly high and its viability is extensive in long haul point of view. Just with the guide of contemplation, one can even change the course of life towards improvement. Along these lines, the principal meeting of the reflection ended up being far reaching and exceptionally useful. With everything taken into account, I would state that the reflection class was very compelling in changing my inner contemplations, my fears and conviction framework. Truth be told, the course displayed tremendous capability of offering physical and enthusiastic advantages over the long haul. In the wake of going to the class I understood, that on the off chance that I keep on rehearsing reflection on customary premise, soon I will have the option to focus on my investigations. Since the five star of reflection ended up being helpful, I chose to go there all the time. Subsequently, my choice to proceed with the reflection is characterized as I immovably think rehearsing techniquesâ will empower me to improve capacity to control my brain. I accept that on the off chance that I am ready to control undesirable wanderer manner of thinking of my brain I will build up the ability to counter any obstacle of life. In this manner, positive advantages related to reflection have made me energetic about it. Also, one of the significant advantages of reflection is that it is a compelling pressure the executives device. Contemplation empowers any person to think about controlled breathing procedures and thusly brings down circulatory strain and enthusiastic pressure. For individuals of present current world, driving an occupied and complex way of life, reflection to be sure ends up being a successful pressure the executives intercession.

Request For Proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Solicitation For - Research Proposal Example The exploration will occur in the following fourteen days following the characterized steps of undertaking an examination venture. So as to complete a successful research on the distinguished subject named Malcolm X, the underlying advance is choosing both the essential and the optional sources that offer important data concerning him. In the wake of recognizing the significant sources through a compelling evaluation strategy, meeting with the various sources will follow in an offer to accumulate data that will be utilized in building up an unfinished copy of the exploration paper. Preceding composing the unfinished version, a blueprint will be created to fill in as a rule in characterizing the center thoughts of the paper. In the wake of building up the unfinished copy, it will be introduced to the administrator for endorsement. Whenever endorsed, the work in progress will be utilized recorded as a hard copy the last research paper (Terrill 67). So as to attempt my task effectively, I will depend on the assistance of specific people who will assume basic jobs in guaranteeing that I produce a quality research paper. Eminently, it is hard for a person to create a quality research paper while working separately. Along these lines, looking for proficient assistance just as requesting thoughts from partners is basic. One of the person who will be associated with building up the examination paper is the director. In the wake of recognizing my subject/theme to be investigated in the examination paper, his endorsement will be required. Additionally, the chief will assume the liability of perusing the unfinished version, making amendments and introducing proposals on improving the nature of the paper. Custodians will likewise shape critical supporters of the accomplishment of my exploration venture. This is on the grounds that their assistance in recognizing the important materials to be utilized as references will be an indispensabl e part in the underlying stages. Prominently, building up a quality research paper requires essential sources and the bookkeepers will guarantee that I approach

Students With Learning Disabilities In The Classroom Education Essay Free Essays

Baum, S. Owen, S. , Oreck, B. We will compose a custom exposition test on Understudies With Learning Disabilities In The Classroom Education Essay or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now ( 1997 ) . Transfering Individual Self-Regulation Procedures from Humanistic controls to Academics. Expressions Education Policy Review 98.4: 32 ( 1 ) . Recovered from General OneFile April 06, 2010. What is the article about? This article talks about the correlativity between students with larning disablements in the schoolroom and their capacity to productively utilize themselves in different nations of guidance. For what reason was the exploration performed? The exploration was performed to demo that students could utilize self-guideline in humanistic orders guidance to their schoolroom surveies and could better their general guidance open introduction. Findingss This article investigates the examination behind how understudies learn in the humanistic trains and how those techniques for heading can be utilized to better guidance and instructor guidance. It has been demonstrated that adequate humanistic controls course supports the improvement of single plans and various answers for employments Qualities The article was separated into simple absorbable regions that were more obvious and measure. Failings The even arraies where non great created and were hard to follow doing the article less durable generally speaking. Reasonings for Practice Self-guideline happens when understudies screen definitely what they are making and contrast their headway with an inside standard and have at last have affirmation in what they are making. This can be created by outside condition factors and keeping in mind that everybody can benefit from self-guideline it would be especially of import for this achievement to be educated to underachieving students. Watchwords Move and Society Reference Cote, P. ( 2006 ) . The intensity of move in the public eye and guidance: exercises gained from custom and development ; Rich move encounters, and the dynamic strained quality among custom and innovation, gracefully a strong establishment for move guidance. JOPERD †The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation A ; Move 77.5: 24 ( 10 ) . Recovered from General OneFile April 06, 2010. What is the article about? This article tends to the connections among society and move guidance. The essayist takes a gander at how each communicates and changes the other. She other than inspects move guidance instructor preparing plans and there results. For what reason was the examination performed? The essayist presents the stuff on the balance of her experience and the capacity move played in her life played a major part in her examination design and introduction. Findingss The author found that while pondering her mature ages of find and learning her positions were affirmed that the dread of the humanistic controls develops over mature ages of life intimately with them. She indicates that move guidance advances association with the network and that future teachers ought to create endeavors which make upbeat schoolroom situations. This method can get down during teacher improvement and preparing. Qualities The essayist is extremely acquainted with the proficient undertaking as she was prepared as a terpsichorean and a move instructor. She utilized that discernment to create an in profundity study on move in the public eye and its application in guidance. Failings With the essayist focusing completely on her encounters as a move educator the article is constrained that experience and is coordinated more towards learning hit the dance floor with a littler point of convergence on guidance. Findings for Practice By creating move educators conventionally the advantages to the understudies advances into all features of their lives non simply through move. Watchwords Move and Society Reference DeMetz, K. ( 2007 ) . Toward a union of logical order and theater humanistic orders. Gathering on Public Policy: A Journal of the Oxford Round Table. Recovered April 06, 2010 from Academic OneFile. What is the article about? This diary article talks about how logical control and the performance center humanistic orders, primarily play and move, have shared an effective relationship that has truly profited society. For what reason was the examination performed? The examination was performed to demo how logical control and the venue look for very similar things. Findingss The author found that efficiently more than 2,000 mature ages at that spot has been a fruitful organization between logical order and the humanistic controls which should help in doing a case for interdisciplinary course of study in our present guidance framework. Qualities This article is great composed and leads the read from chronicled discoveries of connections in logical order and the humanistic orders to increasingly current applications and findings for present day society. Failings On the off chance that you are new to logical order and the Laws of Motion, Newtonaa‚â ¬a„?s Laws, and so on this article will accomplish for a confounding read. Conclusions for Practice Albeit a New York Times section was keening Americaaa‚â ¬a„?s absence of education in the nations of logical control and math an ongoing study indicated that those understudies who contemplated the humanistic orders performed better in six classs of proficiency and basic idea achievements. These Numberss show an immediate correlativity between the humanistic trains and improved guidance benchmarks. Watchwords Move and Society Reference Kinderfather, K. , A ; Porter Hearn, C. ( 2010 ) .The National Dance Affiliation: the pioneer in move guidance: these are a portion of the manners by which NDA has influenced the universe of move guidance in the previous 25 mature ages. JOPERD †The Journal of Physical Training, Recreation A ; Dance 81.1: 40 ( 5 ) . Recovered April 06, 2010 from General OneFile. What is the article about? This article covers the varying manners by which the National Dance Association ( NDA ) has influenced the move network over a 25 twelvemonth period and audits future projects of the NDA to proceed to increase network and ways of life of people all things considered. For what reason was the examination performed? This examination was performed to flexibly an exact review of the advantages that the NDA has given to the universe of move and the network and their from now on programs. Findingss NDA has contributed altogether to network guidance through move for people everything being equal and keeps on being after for the great beyond of move in the public arena. Qualities Gives a cluster of fundamental data on how move has truly been a segment of society and keeps on being a part of a solid establishment. Failings This diary article gives a wide outline of what the NDA has achieved, however does non travel into any existent profundity. Derivations for Practice Re-upholds other diary articles and surveies that show move fused into society will proceed to benefit people all things considered and help plan understudies for todayaa‚â ¬a„?s society. Watchwords Move and Society Reference Monroe, J. E. ( 1995 ) . Creating social cognizance through show. JOPERD †The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation A ; Move 66.8: 24 ( 4 ) . Recovered April 08, 2010 from General OneFile. What is the article about? The capacity of show on the improvement of social qualities and how move can be consolidated into recreational plans in a way to increment social cognizance and network commitment. For what reason was the exploration performed? This examination was performed to demo how socially play-based exercises have been the social balance to experience down or present qualities inside a network from coevals to coevals. Findingss Grown-ups advantage from the communication each piece much as the children do. This study indicated that dramatization could flexibly the members the opportunity to explore the word around them and let them to go all the more socially perceptive of and tolerating of the assorted variety they are encircled by in their condition. Qualities This diary article audits a collection of signifiers of show that would regard social cognizance and worth based advancements each piece great as how to build up a socially based arrangement and who ought to be engaged with the improvement of those designs for maximal effectivity. Failings The article covers a wide combination of opportunities for social put together awareness non centered with respect to move altogether. Inclines more towards play on the other hand of using move as a focussed, committed signifier of look that benefits society and social decent variety and awareness. Conclusions for Practice By incorporating play-based exercises and move you can gracefully a multicultural worth framework which will pressure trustworthiness of contrasts between social frameworks. This would incorporate helping to build up a constructive sense of self picture for those people who might be generally influenced by prejudice. Watchwords Move and Society Step by step instructions to refer to Students With Learning Disabilities In The Classroom Education Essay, Essay models

Its Not Always Alzheimers What Causes Memory Loss

It's Not Always Alzheimer's What Causes Memory Loss Brain Health Print The Different Causes of Memory Loss Sometimes, Our Memory Lapses Are Easily Remedied By Esther Heerema, MSW facebook twitter linkedin Esther Heerema, MSW, shares practical tips gained from working with hundreds of people whose lives are touched by Alzheimers disease and other kinds of dementia. Learn about our editorial policy Esther Heerema, MSW Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Claudia Chaves, MD on February 22, 2017 Claudia Chaves, MD, is board-certified in cerebrovascular disease and neurology with a subspecialty certification in vascular neurology. Learn about our Medical Review Board Claudia Chaves, MD Updated on October 16, 2019 Lena Mirisola/Getty Images More in Brain Health Brain Food Mental Exercises Healthy Aging In This Article Table of Contents Expand Emotional Causes Medications Procedures Conditions Cognitive  Causes Other Forms of Dementia View All Back To Top Most of us have, either occasionally or more frequently, had the unpleasant experience of forgetting something. These episodes of memory loss can cause irritation and frustration, as well as a fear that were losing it and beginning to develop Alzheimers disease. While Alzheimers  and other kinds of dementia are responsible for many cases of memory loss, the good news is that there are other, non-permanent factors that can also cause memory loss.?? Better yet, some of them are easily reversed. So, what causes us to forget? What prevents us from mentally storing that piece of information or being able to recall it?  Here are some of the many reasons we cant remember. Emotional Causes Because our mind and body are connected and affect each other, our emotions and thoughts can impact our brain. The energy it takes to cope with certain feelings or life stress  can get in the way of storing or remembering details and schedules.?? Often, these emotional triggers of memory loss can be improved by support, counseling, lifestyle changes, and even just being aware ofâ€"and limiting exposure toâ€"things that increase stress. Stress Too much stress can overload our minds and cause distraction and brain drain.? While short-term, acute stress can trigger a momentary memory problem, chronic, long-term exposure to stress may increase your risk of dementia. Stress management is an important strategy for maintaining quality of life and improving the health of your body and your brain.  ?? Depression Depression can blunt the mind and cause such disinterest in your surroundings that memory, concentration, and awareness suffer. Your mind and emotions may be so weighed down that you are just not able to pay much attention to whats happening. Consequently, recalling something that you werent paying attention to is difficult. Depression can also cause problems with healthy sleep, which can make it more difficult to remember information.??   Pseudodementia is a term that describes the combination of memory loss and  depression. If you think youre experiencing pseudodementia, cognitive testing can be helpful in reassuring you and ruling out true dementia. Despite feeling out of it in daily life, the person with pseudodementia will be able to perform quite well on cognitive tests. Depression is usually highly treatable. Often, a combination of counseling and medication can be very effective. Anxiety? If youve ever completely blanked out when taking a test, even though you knew the information, you can blame anxiety. Some people have anxiety in certain situations, like this test-taking example, and others have a more pervasive  generalized anxiety disorder  that continually interferes with healthy functioning, including the ability to remember in day-to-day activities.?? Identifying and treating anxiety can significantly improve your quality of life, and possibly your memory, as well. Grief? Grieving requires  a high amount of physical and emotional energy, and this can reduce our ability to focus on events and people around us. Consequently, our memory can understandably suffer.?? Grief can be somewhat similar to depression, but its often triggered by a specific situation or acute loss of something or someone, while depression may seem to be without a specific cause. Deep grief takes time to process, and its appropriate and necessary to spend time in your grief. You can expect to feel drainedâ€"both physically and mentallyâ€"when youre going through grief. Give yourself extra time and grace while youre grieving. Individual counseling and support groups can help you to effectively cope with grief. ?Drugs and Medical Treatments Alcohol or Illicit Drugs Drinking alcohol or using illicit drugs can impair your memory, both in the  short-term  and  long-term.?? From blackouts on the same day to an increased risk of  dementia  years later, these substances can significantly  harm your memory, among many other things. Too much alcohol can also cause Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome,  which if treated immediately, may be able to be partially reversed in some people.?? Prescription Medications? Just because a medication is legally prescribed by a physician doesnt mean it cant hurt your body or impair your memory.?? You may be taking the medication exactly as ordered by the doctor, but if you combine too many drugs, prescription medicines can significantly affect your ability to think and remember clearly. If you go to different doctors for multiple conditions, make sure each one has your complete list of medications so they dont order a medication that could interact with the one youre already taking. Ask your physician if any of your medications can be slowly reduced to eliminate this cause of forgetfulness. Chemotherapy If youre receiving chemotherapy as a treatment for  cancer, you might experience chemo brain, described  as brain fog from the medicines targeting your cancer.?? Knowing that this is a common and often temporary effect from chemotherapy can be reassuring. Medical Procedures   Heart Surgery Some research has indicated that following bypass surgery on the heart, there may be an increased risk of some confusion and memory impairment. This may improve as you recover, and typically the need for this type of heart surgery is greater than the possible risk.?? Be sure to discuss your concerns with your physician. Anesthesia Some people report memory loss or confusion, typically lasting for a few days, following the use of anesthesia. Research, however, has been unclear in determining if theres a direct correlation between the anesthesia or if other factors may be causing the brain to function less effectively according to a 2010 study.?? Electroconvulsive Therapy Sometimes referred to as shock therapy, ECT can be very helpful for those suffering from severe depression, but it may also cause some memory loss. You should talk with your physician about the risks and benefits of ECT.?? Because it has been effective for some people, the risk of some memory loss maybe worth it for your quality of life. Physical and Medical Conditions Fatigue  and Sleep Deprivation The benefits of getting a good nights sleep are many: less weight gain, more energy, and the ability to think more clearly. Being tired because you didnt sleep well last night and being chronically short on sleep both have been shown to affect memory and learning.?? Its worth trying some easy ways to improve your sleep habits. Concussions and  Head Injuries Concussions and traumatic head injuries can cause short-term memory impairment, but some research has found that they can also increase the likelihood for the development of dementia over the years.?? Be sure to take steps like wearing protective headgear and helmets when playing sports. And, if you do receive a concussion, its important to let your head fully heal before returning to regular activities and participating in sports.?? Discuss any headaches and concentration difficulties after a head injury with your doctor. Low Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 is a very important vitamin. In more extreme cases, deficits in vitamin B12 have caused symptoms that have been mistaken for dementia. Upon receiving adequate vitamin B12, those symptoms may improve and even resolve in some people.?? Strategies to Boost Cognitive Health and Fight Brain Aging Thyroid  Problems Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can cause cognitive problems such as memory loss and mental fog. If youre noticing brain sluggishness or that its more difficult to remember things, consider mentioning this to your doctor. It may be appropriate to test your thyroid functioning, especially if youre experiencing other symptoms of thyroid issues as well.?? Treating thyroid problems could improve your memory and concentration. Kidney  Disorders? When your kidneys arent working well, such as in chronic or acute kidney  failure (also called renal failure), the accumulation of waste products, such as the breakdown of proteins,  can affect brain function.??  In addition,  studies published in 2017 have shown that those with albuminuria (the presence of albumin protein in the urine) are more likely to display impaired memory and cognition.?? Liver  Disorders ?Liver diseases, such as hepatitis, can cause toxins to be released into your bloodstream, which can then affect brain functioning.??  Hepatic encephalopathy is a related brain disorder that can develop from serious liver problems.?? If you have liver problems and notice some difficulty with memory and thinking, be sure to report this to your physician for prompt diagnosis and treatment. Encephalitis This acute infection of  brain tissue may trigger  symptoms of dementia  such as confusion and memory problems, along with a fever, headaches and even seizures.?? If you suspect encephalitis, seek emergency medical treatment. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) typically has symptoms in these three areas: cognitive problems, incontinence and a decline in balance and walking.?? Prompt evaluation and treatment by a physician have the potential to reverse the problems with memory and thinking in NPH, as well as help with regaining the ability to be continent and to walk well. Pregnancy Sometimes, the changes in your bodys chemicals and hormones, combined with the emotional and physical changes in pregnancy, can contribute to forgetfulness and poor concentration.?? Fortunately, this is a temporary condition that resolves in due time. Menopause Similar to pregnancy, the hormonal changes in menopause can bring chaos to your thought process and disturb your sleep, which also impacts your cognitive processes. Some physicians prescribe hormonal supplements or other treatments to relieve the temporary symptoms of menopause.?? Infections Infections, such as  pneumonia  or  urinary tract infections,  can cause forgetfulness, especially in older adults and others with chronic health conditions?? . For some people, deliriumâ€"a sudden change  in mental ability in a matter of hours or a couple of daysâ€"is one of the only outward signs of an infection, so be sure to report these symptoms to the physician right away. Prompt treatment, usually with an  antibiotic, can often help restore memory to its normal functioning. Strokes Strokes can significantly affect brain functioning. Sometimes, the memory loss related to a stroke is permanent, but other times the cognitive functioning improves as the brain recovers.?? Transient Ischemic Attacks TIAs, also known as little strokes (although that isnt completely accurate medically), is a brief blockage in the brain that can cause lapses in memory, along with other stroke-like symptoms.?? Brain Tumors Brain tumors can cause headaches and physical problems, but they can also affect our memory and personality at times. Depending on the severity and type of tumor, treatment can often relieve these symptoms.?? Sleep Apnea Sleep apnea, where you actually stop breathing for a few seconds while youre sleeping, has been connected to a higher risk of dementia. A study published in 2018 also tied sleep apnea to memory problems, which is not surprising given that sleep deprivation can cause forgetfulness and diminished brain functioning.??   Aging As people age into older adulthood, cognitive processing generally slows down, and memory ability may  slightly decline. For example, a healthy older person will still be able to memorize information, but it probably wont be as easy as when he was a child or young adult.?? Knowing the difference between normal aging and true memory concerns can help you determine if you should visit the doctor or stop worrying about it. Cognitive  Causes of Memory Loss Distraction ?Thinking about too many things at once? Attempts to multi-task in order to be efficient can sometimes decrease efficiency because of the need to repeat a task that was poorly completed or forgotten. Your brain  has a limit on what it can effectively process simultaneously and remember.?? Natural  Memory  Ability Some people naturally  just dont have a great memory. Maybe youve seen the differences of one person who needs to spend three hours to effectively learn and remember material, and another who has it mastered and can quickly recall it after taking only 20 minutes to page through it. Mild Cognitive Impairment Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) consists of a decline in mental abilities that develops gradually but generally doesnt change the persons ability to function fairly well on a daily basis. One symptom of MCI  is forgetfulness. MCI may respond to  medications that are designed to treat Alzheimers. Some cases of MCI hold steady or even resolve completely, while others progress into Alzheimers disease or other types of dementia.?? Is It Alzheimers or Another Kind of Dementia? Alzheimers disease is the most common cause of dementia and causes significant, not just inconvenient, memory loss, in addition to multiple other  symptoms.?? If you think your memory loss could be caused by Alzheimers, review the  symptoms  and make an appointment with your physician for an assessment. You can also try this online, at-home cognitive test that screens for dementia and bring the results with you to your doctors appointment. Keep in mind that, although Alzheimers typically affects those over the age of 65,  early-onset Alzheimers  can infrequently occur  in those as young as 40.?? Memory loss can  also be caused by other kinds of dementia, such as  vascular dementia,  Lewy body dementia,  frontotemporal dementia,  and several others.?? Any problems with memory should be discussed with your doctor so that a reversible cause can hopefully be found and treated, or so that treatment for Alzheimers or dementia can begin as soon as possible if this is the cause.

Swimming in the Community Cesspool - Literature Essay Samples

Irvine Welsh’s novel Trainspotting uses the combination of grotesque imagery within a narrative lacking clear progression to portray the nihilistic lifestyle of a heroin addict. Welsh creates distinct voices through the main characters in his novel, who all share the longing for a sense of brotherhood and community. The characters share a bond through their heroin addiction, and the reader gets pulled into this brotherhood through the use of first-person narration and other structural elements to create sympathy. John Hodge and Danny Boyle’s adaptation of Trainspotting uses mise-en-scà ¨ne, tone, and various cinematic techniques to allow the viewers to sympathize with the characters and engulf themselves in the lifestyle of heroin addiction. The screenplay helps the viewer share a part in the dilemmas the characters in the film face. The adaptation enables the viewer to connect with the characters and share in their sense of community. The stylistic techniques Hodge an d Boyle use in the film such as coloration, camera angles, and supernatural elements each play a part to convey the tone of the grotesque romanticism of these heroin addicts’ lives. The audience thus experiences the hyperbolic nature of a heroin addict’s perceived life within the realm of the realistic. The structure and language Welsh uses in his novel helps represent the themes of community and identity significant to the characters. Though the narrative tends to blur the lines between events, the four main characters Renton, Spud, Sick Boy, and Begbie all portray a distinct voice. Each of their identities remains noticeable through the haze of the narrative Welsh creates. One of the tools Welsh uses to create the differentiation between these main characters and the other characters in the novel is their nicknames. Most of the other characters, especially the females, have common names like Alison, Hazel, Kelly, Dianne, and Laura. Nicknames give the characters a bond. They allow the reader to understand their relationship as a brotherhood. The reader also gets a sense of the characters’ voices through verbal repetitions used by the characters. For example, Spud tends to say â€Å"ken† and â€Å"likesay† repeatedly. Sick Boy constantly refers to himself in the third person, and Begbie frequently uses the word â€Å"fuck† in any shape or form he can think of. Each of these elements gives the characters a sense of identity and individualization within a narrative that blurs together a haze of situations. Welsh also uses first-person narration to implement the sense of the individual within the reader. This allows the reader to understand each character’s internal emotional state. Throughout the book, the reader hears the thoughts and emotions lying within the characters’ minds. Renton explains his addiction to heroin when he says, â€Å"Ma problem is, whenever ah sense the possibility, or realise the actuality ay attaining something that ah thought ah wanted, be it girlfriend, flat job, education, money and so on, it jist seems so dull n sterile† (Welsh 90). Without the heroin, his life seems boring. Spud reiterates this when he says, â€Å"Life can be borin without skag† (122). In a way, the reader feels a sense of sympathy toward these characters and can understand their mindset. Welsh enables the reader to delve into the character’s minds in order to lose the judgment a person usually displays when thinking about heroin addicts. These humorous, likable characters facilitate the reader’s sympathy toward their situations. At the novel’s beginning, the characters seem to blend together. The reader becomes unaware of which character is speaking. However, as the novel progresses, the main characters’ voices become more evident. As the reader understands each individual character’s unique voice, the reader also becomes aware of the c haracters’ powerful sense of community. This brotherhood, the bond that friends have in this novel, is unbreakable. Renton explains this strong connection when he describes his relationship with Begbie: â€Å"He really is a cunt ay the first order. Nae doubt about that. The big problem is, he’s a mate n aw. Whit kin ye dae?† (84). The bond these friends have seems out of their control. The bored, lonely characters portrayed in this novel all lead a miserable life. They need each other because, â€Å"Alone was stressful† (77). Renton, Begbie, Spud, and Sick Boy make up â€Å"a quartet of fucked-up people thegither† (84). They need their community to establish their own identity. Their nihilistic lives have no meaning without each other. To further display this sense of community, Renton and other characters constantly use the â€Å"royal we† in their language. When Renton is talking to Tommy he thinks to himself, â€Å"Ah struggle to show co ncern through my self-centered smack apathy. The outside world means fuck all tae us† (87). The use of â€Å"us† instead of â€Å"me† sheds light on how these characters perceive themselves. Even though Renton says he has a â€Å"self-centered apathy,† his language shows otherwise. The universality of the â€Å"royal we† connects people together. Subconsciously, Renton perceives himself as a part of a broader community, his band of â€Å"skag† brothers. Spud gives the reader a deeper insight when he says, â€Å"Funny scene, likesay, how aw the psychos seem tae ken each other, ken what ah means, likes?† (120). When people have something in common, it almost always enables them to become closer and feel connected. In addition to the sense of community apparent in Welsh’s novel, he creates a narrative lacking of a clear progression. This circular narrative enlightens the reader into the mindset of these apathetic characters. Renton explains his nihilistic mindset when he says, â€Å"Still, failure, success, what is it? Whae gies a fuck. We aw live, then we die, in quite a short space ay time n aw. Thats it; end ay fuckin story† (208). These characters live only in the present tense. The lack of progression is evident even by the section titles in the book. The novel starts off with â€Å"Kicking,† then â€Å"Relapsing,† and then â€Å"Kicking Again.† Within the first three sections, the characters end up in the same place where they begin. This narrative does not show the progression of the characters or events; rather it shows the mindset of characters in different situations. Just as Renton always goes back to using one more hit of heroin, his character moves in a circular motion throughout the story. The scenarios and characters constantly change without explanation. The events that take place in the narrative do not link with one another. The juxtaposition of certain scenes and lines contradict in tone. For example, the description of Sick Boy before and after Alison’s hit is immensely different. Before her hit, â€Å"Sick Boy’s face looks ugly, leering and reptilian,† then as the heroin enters her body, â€Å"Sick boy’s eyes are now innocent and full ay wonder† (9). Additionally, Renton explains at that moment that both Sick Boy and Alison â€Å"look strangely beautiful and pure in the flickering candlelight,† but then Alison disrupts this idyllic tone with her vulgar language, â€Å"That beats any meat injection that beats any fuckin cock in the world† (9). This mixture of the romantic fantasy with the vulgar and grotesque appears constantly throughout the novel. Welsh uses this exaggerated grotesque imagery to create a lifestyle resembling heroin use. He creates a romanticized image of the feelings present in the characters during their high. When Renton inserts his opium suppositories he receives from M ike Forrester, they immediately give him the runs. He makes his way to the closest bathroom, and while on the toilet Renton explains, â€Å"Ah empty ma guts, feeling as if everything; bowel, stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs and fucking brains are aw falling through ma arsehole intae the bowl† (25). This immense exaggeration of his feelings on the toilet, while repulsive to the reader, sheds light on the intense feelings eminent in Renton. When his suppositories fall into the toilet bowl, Renton must pick them out with his own hands. As he grabs one he says, â€Å"Ah gag once, but get ma white nugget ay gold† (26). While this scenario leaves the reader with a sense of disgust, Renton romanticizes his opium suppository as a nugget of gold. This shows the hyperbolic effect heroin has on Renton. Welsh repeatedly implements scenes full of gross bodily fluids. He emphasizes bodily orifices constantly throughout his novel. He mixes this repulsive imag ery with humor during the scene where Davie wakes up in his own fecal mess. He gathers it up in the sheets, but as Gail’s mother tries to take them from him, â€Å"The sheets flew open and a pungent shower of skitter shite, thin alcohol sick, and vile pish splashed out across the floor† (94). This pervasive humor repulses the reader, yet gives insight to the lives of these vile characters. During Renton’s house arrest, the reader understands the hyperbolic effect heroin has on him. While Renton withdraws from heroin use, his hallucinations are extreme with a postmodern structure. Renton’s feelings are displayed through random assortments of words. There is no real structure during his hallucinations. During one point in his withdrawal Welsh stops using spaces between words, and at another point he lengthens his words when he writes, â€Å"Is this sssllllleeeeeeeppppp† (196). This enables the reader to understand the extent to which Renton is suffer ing. The reader also gets a sense of the exaggeration heroin induces in a person. He starts seeing Wee Dawn crawling on the ceiling. His serious situations are exaggerated negatively during his withdrawal. In order to fully adapt the essence of this novel into a feature film, the theme of community and the grotesque romantic imagery must be eminent. John Hodge and Danny Boyle both try to incorporate this theme of community into their adaptation of Trainspotting. They keep the essence of Welsh’s structure and language alive in their film through the voice-over narration and by cutting down the characters. Throughout the film’s screenplay, Renton consistently narrates to the audience using his voice-over: â€Å"I’m moving on, going straight and choosing life. I’m looking forward to it already. I’m going to be just like you: the job, the family, the fucking big television† (Hodge 78). Using a voice-over always breaks the reality of watching a m ovie. In real life, we do not get to hear what people are thinking. Thoughts are usually displayed through actions and facial expressions. In this film, however, Renton speaks directly to the viewer. This intimacy between Renton and the audience bears resemblance to the intimacy between the reader and the characters in Welsh’s novel. The viewers sympathize with Renton because of their ability to understand his thoughts and emotions.Hodge decides to cut down all the superfluous characters from the novel. This, in turn, creates a more tight-knit group of people in the film. The characters are now easy to follow and easy to recognize. He uses a unique tool to distinguish and label each character at the beginning of the film. Hodge writes in his scene description, â€Å"As each performs a characteristic bit of play, the play freezes and their name is visible, printed or written on some item of clothing† (2). Instead of the verbal distinctions between the characters that We lsh uses, Hodge uses this labeling tool to enable the viewer to easily recognize the characters. This exemplifies the importance of community in Renton’s life. His life revolves around two things, his friends and heroin. The exaggeration of heroin displayed in the book is evident through the supernatural elements Hodge adds to the screenplay. He takes the fantastical elements in the novel and pushes them one step further into the supernatural realm. When Renton reaches into the toilet in the beginning of the film and dives into a deep underwater world beyond the toilet to retrieve his opium suppositories, the scene description reads, â€Å"Renton, dressed as before, swims through murky depths until he reaches the bottom, where he picks up the suppositories, which glow like luminous pearls, before heading up towards the surface again† (8). The comparison of the suppositories to â€Å"nuggets of gold† in the novel inspires Hodge to recreate this scene with fantast ical elements. He views the suppositories as â€Å"luminous pearls† instead of what they truly are in reality: fecal-stained pills. This romanticism of heroin through Renton’s eyes comes directly from the tone Welsh presents in his novel. The exaggeration ever-present throughout the novel gets visualized in the film. Another scene in the film that is inspired by the novel’s exaggerated style is when Renton overdoses at Mother Superior’s apartment and sinks into the deep red floor. â€Å"He hands Renton the syringe. Renton injects, then lies back on the dirty, red, carpeted floor. He lies completely still. His pupils shrink. His breathing becomes slow, shallow and intermittent. He sinks into the floor until he is lying in a coffin-shaped and coffin-sized pit, lined by the red carpet. Swanney stands over him† (45). The color red consistently becomes an indication of heroin’s effect on a person in the film. Mother Superior’s apartment is painted red, and whenever someone is shooting up heroin, the intense color of red can be seen. This vibrant color conjures up images of blood, violence, and passion. These supernatural additions contribute to the overall tone of the movie. This movie shows us the lifestyle of a heroin addict, and many of the key incidents in a heroin addict’s life are in fact unrealistic. Heroin takes one into a different world. This movie shows this complete escape from the real world into a fantastic, supernatural world full of hallucinations, dead babies crawling on the ceiling, and an underwater sewage abyss. In conclusion, Trainspotting creates a world full of characters with a need to escape reality. With a first-person look into their lives, the reader understands and sympathizes with Renton, Spud, Begbie, and Sick Boy. The novel portrays themes of brotherhood and community and creates characters that depend on one another and need a sense of friendship in their lives. The loneliness and boredom cause their addiction, and through that they share an everlasting bond. The film takes the novel’s essence and visualizes it with cinematic techniques in order to gain insight into the life of a heroin addict and to create sympathy for them within the reader. There is no right or wrong within Renton, Spud, Begbie, or Sick Boy; there is only living, a clearly existential lifestyle. The tone of the film borrows from the novel to give the reader a sense of detachment from reality and a chance to escape into the characters’ lives, just like Renton and the others use heroin to escape from their dull reality.Lifes boring and futile. We start oaf wi high hopes, then we bottle it. We realize that were aw gaunnae die, withoot really findin oot the big answers. We develop aw they long-winded ideas which jist interpret the reality ay oor lives in different weys, withoot really extending oor body ay worthwhile knowledge, about the big things, the real things. Basically , we live a short, disappointing life; and then we die (Welsh 89).The characters’ solution to this disappointing reality is to escape it through the use of heroin and other drugs. Renton explains it clearly at the beginning of the film after his â€Å"choose life† speech: â€Å"I chose not to choose life: I chose something else. And the reasons? There are no reasons. Who needs reasons when youve got heroin?† (Hodge 3). Irvine Welsh and John Hodge neither glorify nor debase heroin use. They simply illustrate it for a reader to understand. Although Renton says at the end of film that he chooses life instead of heroin, one cannot be so sure. If his life continues the way the narrative progresses in the novel and film, he will most likely be back to taking one last hit, â€Å"one fucking hit to get us over this long, hard day† (Hodge 44).

William Shakespeare s Twelfth Night - 1130 Words

The creativity entangled in the plays written by Shakespeare is quite unique. The passion that he pours out through each of the characters in his plays is particularly fascinating. Specifically, the love that is elucidated through the characters in Twelfth Night is passionate, but unfortunately it is not always accepted by the desired character. Viola relays Orsino’s love for Olivia with devotion and warmth but sadly, the love is still refused by Olivia (1.5.244-245). Shakespeare writes about love with such importance and ecstasy, loves presence in Shakespeare s works, highlighted in Twelfth Night is comparable to fertile tears, thunder and fire. Love is variable, it is able to be soft like â€Å"fertile tears†, or undisciplined like thunder and fire. The metaphor is introduced as Olivia asks Viola how exactly Orsino loves her. Viola responds saying, â€Å"With adorations, fertile tears,/With groans that thunder love, with signs of fire† (1.5.244-245). This expla nation, obviously not up to standards for Olivia, displays the intensity of the affection that Orsino holds for Olivia. Though short, Viola’s description of how Orsino loves Olivia is detailed and to the point. The explanation begins by â€Å"with adorations†, though only two words, the word â€Å"adorations† is heavy in meaning. Adorations, as the Oxford English Dictionary defines it, â€Å"with deep love and respect†, is potentially the most important part of Viola’s explanation. It is heavy in meaning simply because you can like someoneShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night2005 Words   |  9 Pagesrole that gender plays in Shakespeare’s work. Focus on Twelfth Night or King Lear—or discuss both plays together. Do you see these patterns repeated? 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Comparison Between Protective Antibody Response And Guinea...

Comparison of protective Antibody response in guinea pigs immunized with Wild type (Wt) BoHV-1 and ΔgE BoHV-1 mutant virus vaccine L.R.ANANTHAKRISHNA1*, MOHINI SAINI2, PRAVEEN K GUPTA3 and RIZWANA TABASSUM4 1Asst.Professor, 2, 3 Principal Scientist, 3Research Associate 1Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry; Karnataka Veterinary, Animal Fisheries Sciences University; Veterinary College, Vinobanagar, Shimoga- 577 204, India, 2Division of Biochemistry, 3 4Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India *1Email: drananthalr639@gmail.com contact: 9535205024 ABSTRACT Vaccination has been one of the most important interventions in disease prevention, control and eradication. The impact of vaccination largely depends on type of immune response and the extent of protective antibodies that would neutralize the infectious pathogen in subsequent exposure. BoHV-1 causes several clinical conditions in cattle including rhinotracheitis, vaginitis, balanoposthitis, abortion, conjunctivitis, and enteritis which impact a severe economic loss to dairy industry. When the ΔgE BoHV-1 mutant virus was intended to be used as vaccine one of the major immunological parameters such as virus neutralizing antibodies to protect animals against infected virus and/or immunized virus. To determine the suitability of a vaccine, in this study we performed in vitro test method to compare the level of

The Immigration And Naturalization Service - 1169 Words

Thousands of illegal immigrants smuggle themselves across the United States border each day. The Immigration and Naturalization Service, or the INS, concluded that the United States is currently a place to call home for a population of approximately twelve million illegal immigrants (Hayes 16). An American who has never been to Mexico, for example, may wonder why these people risk their lives to live in the United States. With the jobs, education, welfare, and unemployment compensation the American government has to offer, the United States appears as a lifeboat for these poor and uneducated immigrants (Hayes 16). The American dream is what all citizens of the United States strive to achieve. Everyone wants to get an education, a†¦show more content†¦Employers are able to make money because production is fast and cheap for them. The Pew Hispanic Center concluded in 2001 classified an estimated 5.3 million workers in the U.S. as unauthorized workers in the labor force. These jobs include 700,000 restaurant workers, 250,000 household workers, and 620,000 construction workers (Murphy). This is a whole lot of cheap labor, and without it the U.S. would suffer. If 620,000 construction workers were gone, home improvement projects across the nation would quickly be hard to find. With a large number of these immigrants also earning wages working on farms, Americans would find much of their produce rotting in fields due to the lack of workers (Murphy 2). The positive effect of these immigrants on the nation’s labor force is well supported by Americans; however, the opinion of those rejecting these workers is accepted and taken into account as well. The main argument of Americans rejecting the idea of immigration is supported by the rising unemployment rate in America. There are hundreds of American natives who are unemployed. Harvard sociologist, Christopher Jencks, states, â€Å" The reason that Americans will not take jobs washing dishes, cleaning hotel rooms, mowing lawns, and picking fruit is because immigrant labor has driven the wages down† (Taylor). Not only are the wages being driven down, but the working conditions as well. Without immigrants working it will open opportunities for low skilled

College Graduation Speech Outline - 1497 Words

I. INTRODUCTION A. How many years have you been in school? How many of you ever thought that once I enter college that I will have a lot of freedom? Have you ever considered how much your life will change once you enter college? B. Many of you upcoming freshman probably think that college is the same school except you have more freedom, especially now that you are consider as an adult but your whole life changes completely from how you behave in front of people, or whom you talk to, but most importantly you become more responsible now since are now an adult. C. As upcoming freshman, many of you are probably not aware of what we do in college, so it is important for me to explain to you what we do in college, as well as the†¦show more content†¦c. This shift in the increase in responsibility is a huge contrast to high school teacher being responsible for keeping student responsible for their own assignment. 2. A student transition a. Student becomes a more active learner due to the lack of teacher who are willing to provide all the information to student. b. Student will realize in about a week or two that nobody will come to give them supports, instead you will have to go to people to ask for help. c. This is a huge difference compared to life in high school where student tends to be a passive learner in high school because teacher in every class comes to help you without asking, like providing a study guide on test that way you know what to study for. 3. How student addresses teacher also as you make the transition from high school to college. a. â€Å"Students are expected to say Dr. or Professor to teachers because of their credibility† (Klein LaPolla â€Å"How College is Different from High School†). b. It is also a sign of disrespect if students do not call them by those names. c. 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Koito Case Free Essays

string(37) " a higher dividend can be justified\." Koito-Pickens-Toyota Case Question 1 The Japanese corporate governance system differs vastly from the US system. Discuss corporate governance issues that may arise under the Japanese keiretsu. The corporate governance system in Japan is widely different from the US one insofar as it mostly involves a unique business model called â€Å"Keiretsu†. We will write a custom essay sample on Koito Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now A Keiretsu is a form of corporate structure that groups a set of companies with interlocking board of directors and common business interests. Thus, due to its particular structure, some governance problem may arise under this Japanese Keiretsu: ) Issues from the perspectives of financiers Because the business is considered almost like an extended family, the financing may become political and the Japanese Keiretsu will almost always give favor to members of their Keiretsu. This could lead the financiers, for instance, to finance a company member of their Keiratsu they wouldn’t have finance otherwise. As far as the potential financiers are concerned, the main issue is the difficulty to enter and invest in the Keiretsu. Getting financial information about the Keiretsu firms could be complicated insofar as the financial and accounting statements are not disclosed. Thus, such discretion could lead to an ambiguity or a lack of understanding from an outside perspective. Actually, the keiretsu are just trying to protect themselves from what they fear the most that is to say the yakuza and the greenmailing. b) Issues from the perspectives owners As mentioned above, the keiretsu are suspicious towards the â€Å"outside† and this behavior may make foreign owners face some difficulties. Because the keiretsu system is much more in favor of inside shareholders than the outside ones, the former may find some difficulties to make the most of their shareholder rights. And this can maybe explain why the outside shareholders are often a minority in comparison with the shareholders of the keiretsu. Moreover, even if one of the outside owners becomes the biggest one, as T. Boone Pickens did, he may not be able to use his rights as he hoped. c) Issues from the perspectives suppliers One of the main issues for external suppliers is to the relationship between OEMs and suppliers that often leads to dumping on the prices and enables the outside supplier to compete with such cheap prices. As far as the integrated suppliers are concerned, the exclusive partnership with the keiretsu they belong enables them to do business with another leading firm and to gain market shares. d) Issues from the perspectives employees On the one hand and in case of horizontal integration, the very structure of a Keiretsu can lead into a confusion in management. The management transfers are so frequent that employees do not understand for which company they really work for is. One the other, the strong stability that comes out from this system could lead to a lack of action and performance from employees. Question 2 What were T. Boone Pickens’ motives when he bought the share? In the eyes of many, Mr. Pickens was only acting as a front man for Mr. Watanabe, a well-known green mailer in order to pave a way to gain power and control over the corporation. Mr. Pickens denies all these accusations of greenmailing by claiming that he bought the share to carry out a â€Å"test case† in order to evaluate the accessibility of the market. In others words, his initiative has the only aim of checking whether the United States could make, in the future, profitable investments in Japan depending of the degree of welcome of the market. Moreover, it is not implausible to think that one motive of T. Boone Pickens was the quest of profit. It should be borne in mind T. Boone Pickens targeted Koito as an undervalued investment opportunity in so far as he anticipated a Koito stock rise due to the tight link between Toyota and Koito. The good performances of Koito stock combined with the rise of the net income and sales reinforce this idea due to the fact that the shareholder’s average annual return has impressively increased. So the pursuit of rise of the dividends could have motivated him to buy the share. As the largest shareholder of Koito Manufacturing, is he entitled to representation on the board, does Japanese law allow for that? If not what in the law could he use to get an equivalent result? With 26. 4% of stock, T. Boone Pickens should have been entitled to representation on the board of Koito insofar as the Japanese law gives him rights due to the fact that he owns more than 10% of stock. But not so in the Japanese Keiretsu point of view. He was overwhelmingly denied board access in a 1989 annual meeting. †¦It is not a custom in Japan just to say, ‘I’ve become a major shareholder so I should become director. ’†, said Takao Matsuura, president Koito Manufacturing Ltd. There are reasons to wager that his seat on the board was compromised by the fact that the company considers him as a greenmailer. Knowing that T. Boone Pickens was planning to increase his stake to 30%, he could obtain board representation by acquiring 4% more than what he expected . In fact, the Japanese law states that those with at least 34% ownership could propose special shareholder resolutions. An alternative would be to establish a new relationship between Mr. Pickens and all the members of the keiretsu based on loyalty and transparency. They would not suspect him of greenmail anymore. We can suppose that T. Boone Pickens has chosen this way insofar as he supported the adoption of a proposal prohibiting Koito from paying greenmail. Question 3 Besides board representation, T. Boone Pickens demanded higher dividend payouts. Were his demands justified? Provide quantitative evidence to back your answer. Besides board representation, T. Boone Pickens asked for higher dividend payout saying that â€Å"Boone Co’s philosophy was to put stockholder interests first† (page 7) and in this very case, his demand for a higher dividend can be justified. You read "Koito Case" in category "Papers" Indeed, when we look at the dividend payout ratio for the period 1982 – 1985 (Table 1), it decreases meanwhile the retained earnings was increasing (Table 2). Moreover, at the same period, the proportion of cash was also increasing. In others words, the retained earnings were not invested enough and stay as cash. Then in 1986, we noticed that the payout ratio increased up to 39% and at the same time the retained earnings and the cash goes strongly down. Finally, almost the same phenomenon is observed between 1988 and 1990. In other words, the payout ratio is not positively correlated to the retained earnings which are not invested and stay as cash. Table 1 Table 2 Is there anything in the Japanese commercial code that would allow Pickens to try to get more dividends? If yes, why doesn’t he use this? If not, based on your experience as an international investment banker, what changes would you recommend him to propose? In order to increase dividends, T. Boone Pickens had several solutions. Indeed, many researches on the conflicts of interest between majority and minority shareholders show that dividend  payout  is negatively related to ownership concentration and support the assumption that large shareholders do not appear to use dividend policy to remove excess  cash. In other words,  firms with concentrated ownership are less likely to increase dividends when profitability increases and more likely to omit dividends when investment opportunities improve. So, T. Boone Pickens could decrease the ownership concentration of Koito. There are also some more aggressive solutions to get more dividends. T. Boone Pickens could increase his shares ownership in order to increase his decision power in the General Assembly insofar as â€Å"a owner of 34% or more of the outstanding stock could propose special shareholder resolutions†. Question 4 Pickens accused Toyota of limiting profits earned by Koito Manufacturing. Explain how the mechanism works? This mechanism is related to the very structure of keiretsu insofar as Toyota, like most Japanese OEM, owns equity positions in its suppliers. In 1986 almost half of Koito’s output was bought by Toyota and at the same time, Toyota has built a dominant position over Koito by having a 19%-part of Koito’s ownership. Therefore, Toyota was not just one of Koito’s customers but also one of its owners. Through its powerful influence and thanks to the close and informal relationship between Toyota and its suppliers, the car manufacturer had been able to negotiate supply contracts, lower prices and then limited profits earned by Koito. Is this a self-dealing transaction? According to Steven L. Emanuel (â€Å"Corporations†, 2009), a self-dealing transaction occurs when three following conditions are met : (1) A key player (officer, director or controlling shareholder) and the corporation are on opposite sides of a transaction, (2) The key player has helped influence the corporation’s decision to enter the transaction (3) The key player’s personal financial interests are at least potentially in conflict with the financial interests of the corporation. In the case of Koito, 3 members out of 23 are Toyota’s executives. Even if these 3 members are no longer Toyota’s executives, the Japanese notion of loyalty and the business relations between Toyota and Koito (Toyota buy 48% of Koito’s output) could imply that these three chairmen could act in favor of Toyota or at least try to satisfy the two companies. And in this way, the supplier was treated unfairly and conflicts of interests might have occurred. If Pickens gets access to financial information, how can he set out to prove his accusations? If you were an investment banker, what accounts or data would you tell him to scrutinize. If Pickens gets access to financial information, he could analyze the Income Statement and compare the evolution of the growth of sales and the growth of gross profit over these past years. Generally, sales and gross profit evolve in the same direction unless there is a below cost-selling. However, here we noticed for example that in 1986, as sales had grown by almost 10,2%, gross profit had grown by 7% and that in 1990, when the sales had grown by 10. 85%, gross profit had only grown up by 2. 8%. Such comparisons could be setting off alarm bells and could point out the fact that Toyota is limiting profits earned by Koito Manufacturing. On the other hand and if he can, he could also compare directly the price of goods sold to Toyota with the price of the same goods sold to minor customers such as Hino Motors. A high difference between the two prices combined with the fact that three directors of Koito are retired Toyota executives, would prove these â€Å"self dealing transactions†. Would you suggest to change the charter of the organization of Koito? As investment banker, I would suggest him to analyze thoroughly the income statements and the supply contracts between Toyota and Koito in details to reinforce his accusations. As far as the charter of the organization of Koito is concerned, I would suggest to add a clause which enables a person somehow related to a strong customer or a strong supplier to be appointed as director to Koito’s board of directors. Question 5 Toyota has threatened to cut all ties with Koito Manufacturing if Pickens take over the company. How would this affect Pickens investments? If you were a minority shareholder in Koito Manufacturing, whose side would you take? Calculate the value of your shares with or without Toyota. Because Toyota is the second largest shareholder in Koito and is its principal customer, representing 48% of the total sales (Exhibit 2), we may think that cutting ties with Koito Manufacturing will lead to huge losses, at least in the first year. Let’s then calculate the value of a share with and without Toyota. In order to use the Discounted Cash Flow methodology, here are the assumptions we made : * The value of the firm is equal to the value of the discounted cash flows for the next four years plus it’s terminal value. The same growth is expected for the coming four years (this growth was calculated as the mean of the previous years growth) * Because the lack of information concerning the cost of equity we used today Koito’s beta (1. 38), a risk free rate of 3% and a Rm of 10% (return on SP) in order to calculate an approximative WACC. Our calculations provide us with a WACC of almost 8%. With Toyota : Without Toyota : If I were a minority shareholder I would probably take Pickens’ side because he puts shareholder interests first. However, I would be careful and make sure that making stockholders’ interest first instead of company’s one will not damage the entity’s wealth. Based on your assessment of the case, are large shareholders an effective solution to corporate gouvernance problem? Based on the analysis of this case, it appears that being a large shareholder is not necessarily an effective solution to the corporate governance problem. Indeed, even if T. Boone Pickens is the largest shareholder, he actually has no influence on â€Å"management issues† including those which concern the amount of dividends paid. How to cite Koito Case, Papers

Feasibility Business Plan

Question: Discuss about the feasibility business plan. Answer: Introduction: The Incubation and Innovation concept which is initially derived from the constant need of students to develop their own unique individual concepts at affordable rates and at the same time being under the supervision of competent teachers and advisors who will provide appropriate guidance to the students. This particular concept was established in order to cater to various students who are equipped to come up with unique technological concepts but are not able to gain access to the required facilities and equipment regardless of their tuition fees. The location of this facility will enable the students to access various equipments which are quintessential for their development. The benefits of this facility will include:- Flexible working schedules for both instructors and students. Fostering and promoting of individual student talents. Fostering and development of unique ideas. The principle of this business plan is to present the institution with an outlined proposal of this venture so as to gain their funding as well as support. It is our belief that this plan will be established by the 3rd trimester of 2016 and be fully operational by the beginning of the year 2017. Structure and Service Details: The Incubation and Innovation Center will be under the current structure and ownership of this institution and the management rights will be leased to a detached entity. This facility will be situated at the old institution hall which fell vacant after the construction of a new hall. All the equipment which will be in the incubation and innovation center will be owned by the institution however, they will be provided as part of the leasing rights aforementioned. The expected services will include:- Maintenance services for various electronic devices. Inventing novel technology. Improving and streamlining of previous technology. S.W.O.T Analysis Strengths: Location. Expanding of tech. savvy market. Readily available manpower. Responses: Focus on external promotion and outsourcing. Weakness: Inadequate expansion due to facility. Invest in expansion of facility. Opportunities: Increase innovativeness. Promotion of institution due to technology sensitization. Offering guidance to tech. illiterate individuals. Threats: Decline of student numbers. Competition from major tech. firms. Retain current market. Base competition on price. Marketing Plan Suffice to mention that the core customers will be students as well as the general community within and without the institution in question. This will be the foremost focus group. The marketing mix will mainly focus mainly on three particular areas, viz, a viz, type of innovation, its efficiency, necessity, as well as its price. The main focus of the marketing approach will be price; this is estimated to occupy at least 70% of the marketing budget. Four Ps: Product The most generally understood shape of innovation tends to improve or introduce a service or product. The incubation and innovation centre will strive to provide a change in what is usually offered to various end users by engineering novel devices and improving on its quality, capability, and efficiency. An example of our product may be seen by a students innovativeness of creating a baby rocker. First and foremost, this is an errand which is particularly shunned off or ignored by many people. However, if a student creates or invents a baby rocker which is child-friendly, then a parent, particularly a mother, will have extra time to rest while the baby is being rocked by this particular innovation. Price Initially, we should ask ourselves what the process of delivering assorted products is. We must think about preparing or rather gathering tools and paraphernalia which are relevant to making electronic devices. We should then think about the labor which goes into making the finished products. Lastly, the detail which is put into the aforementioned product should be taken into consideration. After considering the above, we can then factor in the price which can be tagged on the finished device or product. To begin with, this product should appeal to the younger generation who are majorly, the student of this institution. Secondly, we must also consider the community populace and as such determine the specific price tag for the products. Promotion Unlike in the case of marketing mix, this stage is usually referred to as position phase in innovation. Promotion is related to our individual perception of a given product. It is thus a psychological category like one of the processes in this institution that affects the aforesaid aspect of innovation. We can therefore promote our product such that it appeals to the younger generation together with the general community. It is of paramount importance to consider the community as they will be drawn to the incubation and innovation centre due to novel innovations, thus expanding the wider market. Promotion and position is considered to be a significant phase in todays global marketplace. It is literally everything. Place The location of this institution is quite strategic. This simply means that the incubation and innovation center will provide the local people with the necessary novel innovations which will boost New Zealanders tech. market and position it on the global market. Market Segment: Demographic There are two types of demographics which the incubation and innovation centre will target. One will be the younger generation specifically from age 16 years to 28 years, and the other will be the rather older generation from age 29 years to 45 years. Market Share A market share is regarded as the percentage of a given market which is accounted for by a particular entity. The latter is said to be a vital indicator of market competitiveness. This means that the incubation and innovation centre will be in the advantageous position of gauging how well it is doing against its major tech. competitors. By capturing the share from competitors or growing with the market, the incubation and innovation centre will be able to gauge and forecast its perceived targets and expectations. The latter will also be able to closely monitor signs of change in the ever competitive landscape, its tactical actions as well as its frequent drives. Implementation Plan: In the initial six months, the incubation and innovation centre will be able to gain the necessary manpower which is required to firstly instruct the students and guide them, with regards to their individual projects. The latter will also be in the advantageous position of sourcing the readily available market within and without the institution by the use of word of mouth. The next six months will be about evaluating and following up on the projects progress. The incubation and innovation centre will hire professionals who will be in charge of assessing the performance of the business, pointing out mistakes or areas of improvement. Financial Plan Assets: Value Transistors 12000 Integrated Circuits 7000 Soldering Irons x30 9600 Rubber gloves x30 2700 Safety goggles x30 12524 Fire extinguishers x10 45656 Workstations x30 87454 Computers x30 360000 Safety helmets x30 1200 Total: 538,134 Pain Firstly, it is important to note that innovation and enterprise is no stranger to pain. Suffice to mention that each given stage of innovation tends to have a challenge; this is what is referred to as a pain point. By being able to appropriately identify a pain point in the development and promotion process of innovation, one is placed at an advantage because they will be able to mitigate the pain points. With regards to innovation and enterprise, pain refers to specific pain points which tend to influence the latter. For instance, in the aforementioned feasibility business plan, pain is inclined to arise from the designing process of a potential innovation, the prototyping process, the implementation process, and not to mention, the delivery process of the desired innovations which will be showcased in the Incubation and Innovation Center.

The Tree Essay Research Paper My most free essay sample

The Tree Essay, Research Paper My most graphic memory of my grandparents? farm is the inclining crab apple tree that graced their back pace. There was nil peculiarly particular about the tree to anybody who passed by it, but to me it was a fortress. The petite, green crab apples that cluttered the tree weighed down the arching subdivisions, bring forthing a fountain of vivacious foliages that spilled to the land. Pushing aside the fluxing tentacles of the tree revealed a secret cove of untrimmed grass and brightly-coloured wild flowers. It was in that cove that I would sit for hours, reading, catch a winking and banqueting on the ceaseless supply of apples. The crab apples that I plucked were more rancid than anything I had of all time tasted was. Their sour made my oral cavity every bit dry as a desert. Yet I continued to enjoy each bite as the apple crunched between my dentitions like metal being crushed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tree Essay Research Paper My most or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As I laid at that place, under my collapsible shelter of graceful foliages, I would smell the sweet olfactory property of the flowers that were all around me. It smelled like a summer twenty-four hours, fresh and warm. And even though there was a bed of thick leaf above me, the heat of the twenty-four hours would still crush down on me making a sweat room under the tree. My lone safety from the heat was in the long, shaded grass, as I let it skid between my au naturel pess. The green pelt that coated the land beneath the tree stroked my legs awkwardly, making the esthesis of emmets creeping across my tegument. When the heat had exhausted me and the grass had become matted down plenty to be comfy, I would shore up myself up against the harsh tree bole and softly nap. My sleeps were frequently cut short, nevertheless, by the shrill, piercing chirps of the sups and the larks that nested in environing trees that seemed to go more alive as the long, summer afternoons would drag on. Although I was jolted from my peaceable slumber underneath the tree, and I gave myself a stomach ache from eating excessively many crab apples, passing my clip tucked off in my nature-made oasis was a clip that I enjoyed and will neer bury. The sights, sounds, aromas, spirits, and esthesiss that I carry with me will ever remind me of my safety that I had in the crab apple tree.

Sample Career Essay For a Job Interview

Sample Career Essay For a Job InterviewIf you are an undergraduate and want to apply for a job you will probably need to write a sample career essay. This will need to be an individual response to the company's recruiting requirements for new employees, whether it is at a bank or an insurance company, or even an automobile dealer.Employers will be looking for an employee who has worked with their company on an even footing, so that they are familiar with the office politics and all of the rules of the business. They may also ask you to give a few references, and you will probably have to answer questions about your working conditions. If you are going to write your own resume, do not overlook this part.The important thing is that you provide the information about yourself, as well as other aspects of your career. Also keep in mind that employers might see that you are a hard worker, and that is definitely a good trait to use. They do not want someone who is very hard-working, and you can show them that you can work at a fast pace if that is what you need to do.Many colleges have placement services where they will help you find a job in your field, but you need to take the time to be as thorough as possible in writing your own resume. It is important to realize that if you take a class on writing a resume, the skills you learn will apply to your career as well.The key to writing a career essay is the ability to convey a sense of confidence in your abilities, without sounding too boastful. When you write down what it is you are seeking out, or what it is you are looking for in a position, you can make sure you have a little more to say than if you were just saying what you like to do.If you are applying for a management position, which involves dealing with people and making decisions on their behalf, you might be asked to write a resume. You might be also asked to include some personal data in your resume, such as what school you attended, and why you are qualif ied for the position you are applying for.You will want to include information about the years you have worked, and the positions you have held in your employment history. In addition, you should be able to tell the potential employer how the organization views your professional traits, as well as your character.

Comparison of the Terms in Debates

Comparison of the Terms in Debates There are many concepts that are frequently used and misused by people in debates or conversations. Among them one can single out such terms as facts, information, data, knowledge, and understanding. Some of them such as facts and information are often viewed as interchangeable notions, even though they can have significant differences.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison of the Terms in Debates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay will compare their meaning of these notions and explain how they differ from one another and what kind of similarities they have. This discussion can highlight some of the major misconceptions of about these notions and show how they need to be applied in conversation or written speech. First of all, such term as fact can be understood as a verifiable truth that has been proven in a logical or empirical way. Overall, it is an observation that has been tested and substantiated by objective methods. For instance, the statement that World War I began in 1914 can be called a fact. This notion should not be confused with such word as data. This concept means a series of measurements and observations that can be either true or untrue. This is the main distinction between facts and data. However, these terms do have some similarity. They are not very meaningful if they are not systematized or ordered in a certain way. The thing is that they are not always put in any specific context. Thus, one can come to the third important notion, namely information. It can be defined as the sequence of facts or data that have some meaning because they have been ordered or organized. In other words, they can be understood as a message by a person. In turn, such concepts as knowledge and understanding are also very similar but not interchangeable. The term knowledge means the state of awareness about something. For instance, a person can know certain information or separate f acts. More importantly, he or she can even apply this knowledge. For instance, people can know and apply mathematical formulas or algorithms, however, they cannot always tell why these formulas work. This is why such notion as understanding is more complex. It means that a person does not only know certain information, but is able to evaluate it and determine whether it is true or untrue. For example, some people not only know mathematical formulas but they can also tell why they are valid. The term understanding also implies the ability to see causal relationship between facts or events. Thus, this notion has a wider meaning and people should be able to distinguish between knowing and understanding, especially when they debate about something.Advertising Looking for essay on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This discussion of these concepts is important because it shows that they cannot always be used inter changeable even despite their similarities. For instance, when people speak about data, they should not assume that these data are always true. Similarly, separate facts cannot be viewed as information because they are often meaningless. Furthermore, people should remember that knowledge is not synonymous to understanding because understanding means that an individual can interpret specific facts and explain why they are true. The problem is that these terms are often used in political, economic, or social debates. Moreover, some people can manipulate these terms in order to affect the audience. A person, who can see the distinction between them, can better resist such manipulation and identify flawed arguments.